For decades, policing of Arab society in Israel has been characterized by acute under-policing. This is reflected through weak law enforcement, slow response to incidents, non-resolved open cases, and low allocation of funds and resources to effectively respond to violence within Arab society. In parallel, policing of Arab society in Israel is also characterized by alarming over-policing, which is often reflected in ethnic profiling, quasi-military operations in policing activities, intelligence gathering skewed based on perceived security threats and disproportionate use of force.